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Tyrannosaurus rex

The one everyone draws first.

Said: tie-RAN-uh-SOR-us REX

Era: Cretaceous · 68 to 66 million years ago

Diet: Carnivore

Habitat: Forested river plains of western North America

Size: about as long as a school bus, and as tall as a giraffe.

What it was like

T. rex had teeth the size of bananas and a bite strong enough to crunch through bone. Its arms were so short it couldn't clap. Babies had a soft fluff of feathers, like fuzzy chicks the size of a turkey.

What we know now

Recent biomechanical modeling suggests adult T. rex topped out around 12 mph, well below the 25+ mph of older popular-science estimates; bone stress at higher speeds would have been catastrophic. Skin impressions confirm scales on the flanks and tail, but close relatives preserve filamentous protofeathers, so a downy juvenile is now the consensus reconstruction. The famous tiny arms were not vestigial; they could lift roughly 200 kg.

Notes

  1. Sue, the most complete T. rex skeleton, lived to about 28 and shows healed injuries that imply other rexes attacked her.
  2. Its binocular field was wider than a hawk's, with sharp depth perception.
  3. Recent papers suggest it had lips that covered its teeth at rest.
Rex's Notes
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